More than 85% of dogs and
cats that are at least 4 years old have a condition in which bacteria
attack the soft gum tissue. This condition is called periodontal disease.
Periodontal disease is the final stage in a process that begins with the
development of plaque on your pet's teeth. Plaque is a substance that
forms when bacteria multiply on the teeth and gums. Plaque mixes with
saliva, hardens, and becomes the substances known as tartar and calculus.
Bacteria, plaque, tartar, and calculus irritate the gums, which become
tender, red, and swollen. This stage of dental disease is called
gingivitis. Eventually inflamed gums separate from the teeth, creating
pockets that can trap more bacteria. These pockets
deepen and bacteria may attack the roots of the teeth and the bony tissue
of the jaw, causing teeth to loosen, the gums to bleed, mouth odor, and
pain when your pet eats. This is full-blown periodontal disease.
Bacteria from the teeth and gums can enter the bloodstream and may
travel to major organs and begin infection there. Among organs that are
most often affected are the lungs, heart, kidneys, and liver. Parts of the
nervous system may be affected as well. Although these infections are
usually treatable when caught at an early stage, they can cause serious
damage to these organs and, if not caught in time, may cause death.
Periodontal disease can be prevented and treated. The keys to your
pet's oral health are professional veterinary dental care and good care at
home. Too few pets receive both and most don't receive either. You can
change that today!
Step 1. Visit your veterinarian.
In addition to a physical examination and medical history, the doctor will
examine your pet's teeth and gums. Recommendations may be made for
cleaning, polishing, and other dental care in the hospital, or your
veterinarian may suggest a program of home dental care.
Step 2. Professional dental care.
If your pet already has evidence of periodontal disease, a professional
cleaning is in order. Depending on your pet's age and physical condition,
the doctor may request that blood analyses, radiography, or other
diagnostic tests be performed to evaluate the heart, liver, and kidneys
for coexisting disease before proceeding with general anesthesia.
Once your pet is under anesthesia, accumulated tartar and calculus is
removed by ultrasonic and hand scaling. Teeth needing fillings or root
canals can be repaired and teeth that are beyond repair can be extracted.
Finally the teeth are polished to slow down formation of new plaque,
tartar, and calculus. If there is evidence of major bone loss or another
serious oral condition, your veterinarian may refer you to a veterinary
dental specialist.
Step 3. Dental care at home.
For cats and dogs, regular brushing is an important part of any preventive
dental program. A special toothbrush and toothpaste for pets are
recommended. Your veterinarian can show you the proper way to brush your
pet's teeth.
Feeding your pet coarse-textured food may help prevent accumulation of
plaque, tartar, and calculus. Ask your veterinarian to advise you as to
the best diet for your pet.
Step 4. Return to your veterinarian for regular dental checkups
every 6 to 18 months, or as recommended.
